A continuation of the previous animation, showing the duplex undergoing strand separation and folding

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (15.6 Mb)

An animation showing ribozyme-mediated RNA replication.

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (37.1 Mb)

An animation showing the Bartel class I ligase folding.

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (5.5 Mb)

A playful analogy to explain the need of compartmentalization in RNA world. The red cube represents a RNA replicase, and the different shapes represent other (non-replicase) RNAs.

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (7 Mb)

Shows polymerization of RNA on a small clay particle.

11/07 edit: now shows polymerization on ends only

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (49.6Mb)
download Windows Media 640 x 480 MOV (30.7Mb)

Shows template-directed replication of a RNA strand

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (16.7Mb)

Non-enzymatic RNA replication (2)

Similar to above, but with the camera rotating around the helix

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (41.3 Mb)
download Windows Media 640 x 480 WMV (25.1 Mb)

Shows three rotating represntations of the Tetrahymena ribozyme (PDB Id 1x8w)

download Quicktime 1500 x 640 MOV (20.8.Mb)

Shows fatty acid sytnesis on the wall of a geyser and fre fatty acids in solution.

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (19.6Mb)

Shows geyser eruption and fatty acids in small droplets. Droplets are shown evaporating and dispersing over time.

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (14.4Mb)

Shows formation of a micelle shell around a fatty acid vesicle followed by transfer of fatty acids from micelles to vesicle, resulting in a 40% growth of the vesicle.

11/07: edit: now shows 3d vesicle/micelles in the beginning

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (68.6Mb)
download Windows Media 640 x 480 WMV (40.1Mb)

Changes: no background vesicles, increased number of flipping and entry/exit events, inclusion of protons inside the vesicle.

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (9.7Mb)

Same as ribose entry, but replacing ribose with AMP and GMP.

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (44.8Mb)

shows a mechanism by which ribose may enter a vesicle. White fatty acids with larger head groups are preferentially localized to areas of high curvature.

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (13.4Mb)

shows micelles joining and dividing, protonation of fatty acids (glowing spheres represent H+) and formation of a vesicle from several micelles. Now improved with better fatty acid dynamics and density.

download Quicktime 640 x 480 MOV (27.8 Mb)
download Windows Media 640 x 480 MOV (30.6 Mb)

shows fast dispersion of fatty acids from micelle over the surface area of a vesicle

download 640 x 480 Quicktime MOV (4.3Mb)

another animation showing addition of a micelle to a vesicle, but in 2D. Also shows interior acidification of vesicle.

download 640 x 480 Quicktime MOV (5.3 Mb)